Hitler compared to macbeth Essay

When one is ambitious in gaining power by the force of evil or by the used of violence, there is no stopping this one from what he or she is going to do. This is one of the moral ethical of humanity, something that every human being must suffer during their time of existence. It is also what William Shakespeare tried to show humanity that being ambitious will never bring any good to one person nor will it give happiness to one person. During the time of Shakespeare, the time of the Renaissance, many dukes, lords, thanes, monarch, and commoners were ambitious in gaining power. They all slew each other, even their own bloodline to gain power over the other. Shakespeare then wrote a play know as Macbeth, to show everyone of every class and society of how ambition can led one person from good to evil. Even in today world that there are still people that are ambitious in gaining power. Adolf Hitler, the tyrant of Germany, is very much similar to Shakespeare’s character, Macbeth. If one ever compares the two tyrants, one would thinks that they are twin brothers or that Hitler based his character off of Shakespeare’s work. Both Hitler and Macbeth are similar in many ways, their ambition for gaining power, their liking for killing people, and their triumphant and hatred amongst the people. One of the strongest similarities of both Hitler and Macbeth are their ambition of gaining power. Both of them never had any intention of being ambition at their young ages nor when they are serving for their country. At first, Hitler was just an ordinary son of Alois Hitler and an orphan after the death of his mother. In his early years, Hitler had no intention of overruling the government or any†¦

Equity Warrant Bonds Essay

Equity warrant bonds are bonds issued with equity warrants attached. Warrants are similar to share options, and give their holder the right but not the obligation to subscribe for a fixed quantity of equity stocks in the company at a future date, and at a fixed subscription price (exercise price). When bonds are issued with warrants, the warrants are detachable and can be sold in the stock market separately from the bonds. Investors might therefore subscribe to an issue of equity warrant bonds, hold the bonds to maturity (as a long-term investment) and sell the warrants in the stock market fairly soon after purchase. Equity warrant bonds are unsecured, and offer a lower coupon rate of interest than similar straight bonds issued at the same time and for the same maturity. In these respects, they are similar to convertible bonds. A feature of equity warrant bonds is that if the warrants are exercised, the money obtained from issuing the new stocks can be used to help redeem the bonds. The debt capital therefore will be replaced, in part at least, by new equity. Equity warrant bonds were used extensively in 1988–89 by Japanese companies to raise capital in the euro convertibles market. Most had a five-year term, with the warrants exercisable at maturity of the bonds. Following the start of the collapse in Japanese share prices in 1989, the warrants linked to the bond issues became worthless because they had an exercise price well above the current share price. When some of these equity warrant bond issues matured in the mid-1990s, cash had to be found to redeem the bonds. Because share prices were then quite low, some of the companies were able to issue new equity warrant bonds. The cash from the new bond issues was used to redeem the maturing debt. Since the collapse of the late 1980s, equity warrant bonds have not regained their popularity. In the late 1990s they have had limited, specialist appeal, notably in Germany and Switzerland. Another development specific to the late 1990s is the rise of the exchangeable market. These are bonds that the issuer redeems in another company’s stocks, often allowing it to divest non-core stockholdings. In France and Japan, for instance, a large proportion of stocks in companies are held by other companies, rather than by insurance or pension funds. Derivatives can be a better way of rationalizing such corporate cross-holdings than selling them in the market. Interest on convertible bonds and equity warrant bonds is usually an allowable charge for tax purposes, so that their after-tax cost to the company is lower than the gross yield to investors. Dividends on preferred stocks, on the other hand, are not an allowable expense for tax purposes.

Benefits Of Having A Stakeholder In The pany †Free Samples

The report talks about the   stakeholder’s relationship management and its influence on management decision-making . It explains that how stakeholders help an organization to achieve long-term growth and success. The report talks about the importance and function of the stakeholders in the pany. The report presents an example of an Australian pany, Caltex. Through the example of Caltex, the features, responsibilities and the working of the stakeholders are explained in the report. The report explains that how the different types of stakeholders provide support for the betterment of the pany as well as society. It tells that how stakeholders important for the pany success and growth. It shows the relationship between stakeholders and the   management of the pany. The advantages and disadvantages of the relationship management have been explained in the report. The good and bad relationship with the management is also explained. Further, the report describes the multi- advocacy of the relationship management. The report tells about the responsibilities of the stakeholders towards the pany and it also explains the pany attitude towards the stakeholder. The report explains that there should be a good relationship between pany and stakeholders because Stakeholder is responsible for controlling and monitoring the financial activities of the pany. No firm can run the business without a stakeholder. A stakeholder solves the entire problems that are faced by the pany due to the finance. The pany decisions can be affected by the presence of stakeholders. It explains that how stakeholders help and guide to the pany for taking investment decisions. Further, Caltex pany of Australia has been taken as the example in the report. Caltex is a lubricant, fuels and Oil pany. It was founded in 1936 in Australia. The pany has a good reputation in this country. It is expanding its business activities and operations with effective stakeholder’s policies. The st akeholders of the pany are experienced and professionals and well qualified. The growth of the pany mainly depends on the strategies are made by the stakeholders of the firm (Bryson, Patton &Bowman, 2011). The stakeholders are responsible for maintaining and controlling the monetary transactions of the pany. A stakeholder of any pany deals withholding of the shares. They are also responsible for the growth and success of the firm. A stakeholder solves the problem that is faced by the firm due to finance. The stakeholder’s presence can affect the organization and it can also be affected by the pany’s decision (Hà ¶risch, Freeman and Schaltegger, 2014). They invest the money on the behalf of the firm. They serve as a guide to the organization and the market. The pany depends on stakeholders in order to gain long-term growth and success in the business. It is a moral duty of the pany to trust the stakeholder. Further, it is the responsibility of a stakeholder to be loyal, faithful towards the pany. The stakeholders must be aware of the confidentiality of the firm and they should not share the important information of the pany with other persons. A stakeholder is responsible for managing and monitoring the decisions of the pany that is related to the finance (Beringer, Jonas & Kock, 2013). They should take effective decision to gain the petitive advantages in near future. The stakeholder is accountable for forming and taking good and effective decisions of the association. It helps to maintain a positive relationship with the pany. The management should also share every information with its stakeholders. This will make easier for them to take efficient and effective decisions in the firm. A proper relationship among the employees of the organization and stakeholders will lead the pany towards success and growth in the market. It is the responsibility of stakeholders to fulfill the expectations and needs of the pany (Manetti & Toccafondi, 2012). They should analyze the external environment of the market to gain the long-term advantages in the firm. In this way, they can evaluate and analyze the changing market conditions and environment. For example Cal tex pany of Australia maintains the significant relationship with its stakeholders. The pany regularly provides relevant information to its stakeholders. It maintains trust, faith, and loyalty among its stakeholders. This will help to the firm to attain the long-term goals and objectives of the firm. It is the well-known and popular pany in the market (Pondeville, Swaen & De Rongà ©, 2013). The goodwill of the pany is excellent due to effective stakeholders’ policies. The Stakeholders of the pany are aware of the history and the future strategies that were followed and will be followed by the pany. This builds a strong relationship between them. Caltex has good relations with the investors. This allows other pany investors to understand the business, the management and other aspects of the pany. The Caltex maintains a good and effective relationship with their stakeholders. They fulfill entire expectations, needs, and requirements of the stakeholders. In this way, the firm p rovides various benefits to the pany (Ackermann and Eden, 2011). General External Environment factors affect the ability and potential of the business to perform the task outside of the pany. The pany needs to manipulate the external elements to gain the benefits in near future. The general external elements are set to know and analyze the market strategies so that the pany can set its own according to their marketing needs and requirements. The pany makes an effective plan with the help of stakeholders. The firm at every stage is supported by the stakeholders either internally or externally. They allow the pany to meet the requirements of the outside environments. They take care about the outside entities such as customers, clients, market etc (Edelenbos, van Buuren and van Schie, 2011). These stakeholders are responsible for taking a project from different clients and planning strategies to do work effectively and efficiently. They manage and evaluate the projects on behalf of the firm. Their aim is to achieve the goal and objectives that are set by the pany. There could be success and failure in the project. It depends upon the way through which stakeholders’ perform the functions. The stakeholders must have a proper and enough knowledge about the project in order to meet the long-term growth and success of the pany. It is important for the stakeholders to work on the assigned project firmly and professionally (Crilly & Sloan, 2012). The Primary stakeholders are end users of the firm who takes interest only in the success of the business. They only focus on the pany’s growth and success. They only take care about the results and ou e of the firm. They do not show any interest in knowing the functioning of the business. The primary aim of the primary stakeholder is to check the pany’s growth and business activities. Primary stakeholders include project managers, project sponsors, and team members (Beringer, Jonas & Kock, 2013). Secondary Stakeholders are responsible for pleting the project. They are not the end users of the firm. They are responsible for managing the project, searching sponsors for the project and contacting the investors. They also work for the growth and success of the association. They focus on the business activities and operation of the firm. The aim of the secondary stakeholders is same as the primary stakeholders.   Lack of munication and coordination is the major concern between the primary and secondary stakeholders. As a result, it reduces the pany’s reputation and goodwill in the market (Vasi & King, 2012). Internal stakeholders are responsible for developing the project. They function inside the pany’s environment. They have to check and analyze the criteria and strategies which would need to be followed by the pany. They search the project sponsors and investors to invest the money (Turner & Zolin, 2012). They check the performance of the work and make plans and strategies and solving the issues in a team. They have to ensure that project should be efficient and effective. They should the goals and objectives. External Stakeholders such as vendors and salespersons are responsible for making the product to reach the maximum number of people in the market. They are concerned and worried about the societal demands and works to fulfill these demands. They work for the welfare of the firm as well as society. They are responsible for market growth and success by reaching the number of customers. They supply the essential elements of the society and pany. The growth and progress of th e pany are dependent upon the supply of the product in the market. Direct stakeholders check and evaluate the day to day workings of the business. They are responsible for managing the project on a daily basis. They work on every new project on each day. The main objective of the direct stakeholders is to achieve the target that is set by the firm. They directly meet with the pany project criteria. On the other hand, Indirect Stakeholders are not responsible for managing the project. They are not affected by the working, customers or the end users. Results and ou es are a major concern for indirect stakeholders as like the primary stakeholders. They do not indulge in managing the things during the project but they are interested in knowing about the success of the business. They focus on the various kinds of projects. Specific External Environment allows the pany to trade outside. The organization conducts its business outside the firm for a specific purpose. These specific external forces are directly responsible for achieving the desired goal. It is the set only to achieve the specified target and goals. Every organization has a unique target and goals. They work on a single body. The targets of the panies differ according to the changing environmental conditions. The important entities of specific external environment include customers, clients, suppliers, petitors etc. The Customers or clients are those entities of the organization who purchase the products of the pany. They are individuals who use the services offered by the pany, but with the changing trends of the day to day life, the tastes and preferences of the customers are also changing. This will b e the reason of growth and success of the organization. Customers keep on the changing their lifestyle according to the environmental conditions which makes it difficult for the pany to remain stable at one point. They have to think about the various different ideas to bring to the society which will provoke them to keep buying their products. The pany has to meet the changing demands of the firm to maintain its growth and success of the firm (Yang et al, 2011). Suppliers are those entities of the pany who is responsible for maintaining a proper record for the amount of product that has been supplied and the amount of product which has been left in a stock. The more supply of the product will generate the more profit for the firm. The ultimate aim of any organization is to attain profits and revenue of the pany. These suppliers help them in achieving target and goals effectively and efficiently. They should have the power to convince people to buy their products in the market. The Supplier has to be aware of a number of products that have been supplied to the pany as per the demands of the market. The demand of the products increases the suppliers in the market. Thus, they play a vital role in success and growth of the firm (Nguyen & Mutum, 2012). Lenders are the individuals who lend money or fulfill the requirements and expectations of the pany. The lender of any pany is generally fixed by the firm. They help the pany to achieve its target and objectives by providing human resources to them (Lee, Olson and Trimi, 2012). Creditors are the people who take resources in terms of money by the pany. The firm gives them the credit to gain and achieve the name in the market. Debtors are the people who give money to the pany to flourish and expand its business in the society (Bridoux & Stoelhorst, 2014). Employees are the labor of the organization. The mon goal of every employee is to achieve the target set by the pany. Employees should be aware of the work being done in the pany and the strategy being followed by other members of the organization in order to meet the goals and objectives of the firm. A pany cannot run the business without efficient and effective employees (Hollensen, 2015). Shareholders are those individuals of the business who purchase and sell shares on the behalf of the pany (Mason and Simmons, 2014). A stakeholder is a group which shows interest in the working of the organization. They have direct and indirect interest in the business. The group may include the government, society, individual or any other pany and media. The influence of such entities in the business allows the stakeholders to operate the business effectively and efficiently. Relationship management makes plans and strategies to attract the more customers in the market. In this way, they help to increase the sale of the pany (Kumar & Reinartz, 2012). They check for the profitability and the performance of the pany as well as employees. The interaction with such stakeholders is important for the firm. They easily solve the related issues that are responsible for the success and growth of the business. The aim of stakeholder relationship management is to check the attitude, decisions, functions, and actions of the stakeholders for the benefit of themselves as well as the pany. This relationship management allows th e stakeholders to gain the benefits from the business. This helps to build and develop the trust among the firm and the stakeholders who put efforts to make the position of the pany on the top level. The relationship should be a strong and trustworthy (Lidskog, Sundqvist, Kall, Sandin & Larsson, 2013). The management should also share all the information with its stakeholders. This will b e easier for them to make efficient decisions. A proper relationship among the employees of the organization and stakeholders will lead the pany towards success and growth in the market. It is the responsibility of stakeholders to stand on the expectations and needs of the pany. They check and analyze the market conditions and environment (Bourne, 2016). It is very important to have an effective relationship with the stakeholders. It helps to resolve the difficult matters that are faced by the organization. Through the influence of stakeholders, the organization has a relief about the working on the financial matters. The performance of the organization is checked by the relationship management in order gain the progress and growth in the market (Rozanski and Woods, 2011). This results in good relations with the stakeholders as their main aim of a plishment is done by the stakeholders. They gain the attention and support of the business. They generally focus on the attitude or behavior of the stakeholders towards the pany, thus various important decisions are taken by the stakeholders. The stakeholders must inculcate the knowledge about the business or it will result in bad results. The pany can use the opinion of the stakeholders to work on the project (Mellahi, Frynas, Sun and Siegel, 2016). This is done to achieve the target and g oals as soon as possible. This will improve the quality of the project and the pany will also e to know about the stakeholders towards the business. It is important to take support from the powerful stakeholders. This will help the firm to gain more resources in the market. This will make the strong and effective relationship between the two entities; this will make the project more qualitative. municating with stakeholders time to time will ensure them about the project that pany is working on these projects properly or not.   They will suggest more good criteria for doing the project. This will also ensure the motivation of stakeholders towards the firm. The pany can know about the reaction of public towards the project. This will allow them to make effective strategies and plans for the success of the firm (Alt, Dà ­ez-de-Castro & Llorà ©ns-Montes, 2015). In a pany, a stakeholder is usually an investor. The actions of the stakeholders towards the pany depend upon the type of decisions are made by them. It is not necessary for them to hold equity shares in the business. They can also behave like the other employees working for the firm. They only focus on the success and growth of the pany. They can work for the overall firm. Their interference in every management is accepted as it is beneficial. They can run the pany as partners also. A stakeholder plays different roles in the firm. The role of stakeholder is very crucial as her decisions are effective and transform the growth of the pany (Eden & Ackermann, 2013). The importance of stakeholder relationship in an organization results in good ou es and results. This develops an interest in stakeholders to work for the firm to achieve the target. The relationship management of stakeholders also helps in making managerial decisions and a strong relationship with the managers also. It give s the managers a chance to show their ability to work and handling the responsibility of the firm. This improves the relationship of the managers towards the stakeholders and maintains the relationship for a long term. The Stakeholder relationship plays a vital role in every pany. Relationship management of a stakeholder has various significance (Smith, 2013). It is important for making decisions, it works as a managing director, it serves as an investor which is very important for the firm (Beringer, Jonas & Kock, 2013). The most important task for the stakeholders is making decisions that should be in favor of the pany. The stakeholders have the power to make or implement new ideas while working on any project. But it is also important to listen to the opinion of other members of the firm and then to make decisions keeping in mind all the suggestions. The decision made by the stakeholders should be efficient as the future of the pany. They strategies planned by them results in good ou es (Gonzà ¡lez-Benito, Lannelongue & Queiruga, 2011). Direct stakeholders have to check the day to day workings of the business. They are responsible for managing the project on a daily basis. They work on every new project each day. Their target for doing the amount of work is set which they have to achieve. They directly meet with the pany project criteria. The approach used by the board of directors and stakeholders differ in many cases. The Stakeholders can work for the human resource department to gain the long-term goals and objectives. They can directly participate in any project and can share their opinion and ideas (Fernandez-Feijoo, Romero & Ruiz, 2014). The Stakeholders are described as the inventors of the pany. They maximize or minimize the stakes in the pany according to the finance needed. They act as a supreme power for the organization. They observe the financial report to check the progress of the firm. Since they are responsible for the growth of the pany, it is their duty to invest in the business to fulfill the demands of the customers (Murillo-Luna, Garcà ©s-Ayerbe & Rivera-Torres, 2011). The stakeholders of large panies are highly respected. They have the power to shut down panies who do work according to the societal needs and also who violets the law. They check the overall functioning of the pany and take effective actions for wrong decision-making activities. They are concerned about the pany’s long-term goals. The corporate and municate with the pany and implement laws required for running the business effectively and efficiently (Lovejoy, Waters & Saxton, 2012). The Stakeholders are professionals who can easily identify the risks that prevail in the society. They are ware about the opportunities that pany can get in the near future. They research about the opportunity before taking it. They have a proper planning for every project. It helps to reduce the risk and threats of the firm. Before getting into any opportunity stakeholders first identify and analyze it thoroughly and then allow the pany to operate on the opportunity (Boxall & Purcell, 2011). Stakeholders’ duty is to give the effective suggestions on the project. They find solutions for organizations priorities and activities. The inputs given by the stakeholders increase the performance of the business. They give a relevant solution which is also accepted by the pany. They give importance to the business work because their main aim is to take long-term benefits and to meet the goals and objectives (Innes & Booher, 2012). Stakeholders serve as a guide to the pany. Due to their effective decision-making power, they are able to flourish and expand in the market. They are able to make good relationship with customers which results in positive feedbacks. The feedback of the customers motivates the pany for achieving sustainable future. For example, Caltex pany of Australia has trusted stakeholders. They are professionals who identify the risks and gives solutions to avoid those risks. The pany has employees who bring the feedback of the customers to make development in future (Neubaum, Dibrell & Craig, 2012). For example: In a pany like Caltex, it is important to collaborate with other panies for expansion. This is the difficult task. They have to search about the profits earned by each pany but it is a very difficult task (Vargo, 2011). There has been a fast evolution in the stakeholder relationship through the multi-advocacy. However, the development of multi-stakeholder advocacy is still at a lower level including the investors and the analyst who is responsible for functioning the business. The advocacy states that various organizations tie up, make effective decisions, change policy and work towards achieving the goal and objectives together. The multi advocacy of stakeholder survey and take interviews of the selected organizations before ing together. The goal of the multi advocacy stakeholders is to work jointly with all the other panies effectively (Ellis & Sheridan, 2014). There are unique methods of developing the relationship between the stakeholders and the panies are such as: Assessing Mature and Emergent Advocacy Fields, Machine Learning, and Dashboard Tracking. The advocacies between the different panies have resulted in the strategic decision-making, priding meaningful information and have generated e vidence towards the loyalty of these multi-stakeholders’ relationships towards the business. The Multi-stakeholder advocacy is aimed at sharing the goals with the well-coordinated team. The advocacy efforts of the stakeholders of different panies are focused on a particular goal and objective. They have the same target. The decisions made to achieve the goals show the thinking of the stakeholders. Stakeholders show interest in achieving the mon organizational goals. They facilitate the policy framework of the firm. Their decisions are important for the firm which results in changes in the environment. Stakeholders manage these changes for sustainable development in future. The aim of stakeholder relationship management is to check the attitude, decisions, and actions of the stakeholders for the benefit of themselves as well as the pany. The advocacies of stakeholder relationship management have proven the growth for the pany in the ing future. These advocacies have resulted i n the development of the economy. The stakeholders’ decisions have the power to change pany’s environment (Gosselin et al, 2014). The report the stakeholder’s relationship management and its influence on management decision-making. It describes the functions, roles, and significance of stakeholders in order to meet the goals and objectives. It also describes relationship management, its importance, its advantages, and disadvantages. It explains that the stakeholder is the one very important entity of the business. They are interested in serving the pany its required resources. A stakeholder solves the problem that pany faces due to financing. His presence can affect the pany and also can be affected by the pany’s decision. He tells the pany where to invest. He serves as a guide to the organization and the market. The pany depends on stakeholders for the growth of the business (Bingham, Dyer, Smith and Adams, 2011). It is a moral duty of the pany to trust the stakeholder and responsibility of a stakeholder to be loyal towards the pany. The report suggests the relationship with various other entitie s that stakeholder holds. The influence of such entities in the business allows the stakeholders to operate into business. Relationship management is something which plans strategies in a way that it binds the customer to keep buying the product. They check for the profitability and the performance of a long time. The interaction with such stakeholders is important. They easily solve the related issues that are responsible for affecting the growth of business (Keller and Price, 2011). The aim of stakeholder relationship management is to check the attitude, decisions, and actions of the stakeholders for the benefit of themselves as well as the pany. 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Business Models and Planning Chapter Questions Assignment - 2

Business Models and Planning Chapter Questions - Assignment Example The researcher states that international ventures are defined as project prospective transformed to processes with investment coupled with adequate risk. International ventures undergo different situations in the business world. First, Human resource management has been a big issue that must be solved to boost economic situations in the world. Human resource activities comprise of everyday practices of managing people and formulating policies in given organizations. The human resource offers the platform to indicate how workers will be managed. Majority of organizations are getting into fresh global markets so as to develop and sustain competitive advantages in the competitive environment. According to Hoque, human resource creates a tussle between the employer and employees when issues such as salaries rise. To accomplish international expansions, many organizations have resorted to using different market strategies. Another important event is co-operation. Studies indicate that glo balization has created an effect for organizations to collaborate thus seeking new opportunities to work together instead of identifying situations to achieving majority control. Whereas control plays a pivotal role in international ventures, co-operation is crucial in enhancing chances of success in international business ventures. Attempted control of the business and pursued efforts of co-operation requires trust from various patterns. Trust is crucial in management efficiencies. Manipulation also affects international business ventures. It is very clear that new ventures could manipulate the environment through ganging up with well-established companies. Manipulation implies creating changes in an environment in order to attain uniformity between venture and the environment. The act of manipulation could be regarded as an opportunistic and purposeful attempt to influence, co-opt and control both evaluations and institutional pressures.

Marketing management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Marketing management - Case Study Example This product will offer an opportunity for people to be able to share the ice cream with dogs. Strategy The main strategy is to ensure that the ice cream is available in the market at ease. This will create customer loyalty towards the product. In addition, diversification of the product will reduce risks that might affect one product. It will also help to attract different customers who have different tastes of products. Another strategy is ensuring that the product satisfy the expectations of the customers. This will enable the product to remain competitive in the market. Tactics In order to get adequate profits from the market, the marketer will be expected to use different sales persons in order to reach customers from various regions. In addition, the cream will merge with ++++ ice cream parlour in the Bullring. This tactic will reduce the cost of distributing the cream. Once the product penetrates the market, it will become easier for the producer to distribute the product on i ts own. This tactic will also be able to reduce the price of the commodity in the market. This is because merging will help in lowering the breakeven price of the commodity therefore, creating a larger profit margin. Lower price of the product will therefore; attract customers who will be willing to test the product. Intense advertisement will also be a tactic that will play a major role in ensuring that the product penetrates the market. ... According to the data collected, the best way to segment the market the market is through the use of age and gender. In Birmingham city, women purchase dog food more than their men counterparts. As a result, they are to be the main target customers. Women are also associated with high consumption of chocolates. This behaviour will make these chocolates have an upper hand in the market as they can serve two purposes. Market can also be segmented through age. Old people mainly look for companionship from dogs. As a result, targeting these people to be potential buyers will be an important aspect that would increase the overall profits. This will be achieved through producing creams that are fit for old people i.e. not so sugary. In addition, advertisement of these creams should be targeting the old people. Location of the people is another tool to be used in segmenting the market. This involves pricing of the product according to geographical location and the level of competition in th at region. Customers who are near the source of the product will have an opportunity to purchase the product at a lower cost as the cost of distributing the product is low. In addition, market that is saturated with competitors will require price segmentation in order to attract customers to purchase the product. Use of price as a tool of segmentation should be well calculated. This is because many customers especially in Birmingham believe that cheap products are of low quality. Another method that will be used to segment the market is through product differentiation. This involves branding the products to make them unique. This will be important as the customers will be able to identify the product

Leader Profile Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leader Profile - Research Paper Example In 1997, he was elected to the state senate of Illinois, where he worked as the Public Health and Welfare Committee’s chairman (Leanne, 2009). President Obama’s experience in public service is rooted in his resolute belief in the potential to bring people together around a politics of cause. He improved health care for the elderly and their children, lessened the burden of taxes for working families, and he passed a key ethics reform (Boeckelman & Dupuis, 2007). As a senator of the United States, he worked hard to launch innovative lobbying reform, bring government transparency by setting up federal expenditure online, and confining the most dangerous weapons in the world (Leanne, 2009). However, the office of the United States presidency is a many-sided vocation that necessitates several forms of leadership approaches. President Obama has attracted the attention of the American people as well as foreigners owing to his charismatic personality (Bill, 2009). A charismatic leader has a mysterious capability of persuading others to his standpoint and influences them to achieve a cause or purpose larger than themselves. A charismatic style is transformational if it appeals to a permanent transformation in individuals who accept and adopt the leader’s vision (Leanne, 2009). President Obama, so far, has drawn a lot of people to his vision which has the capacity to have a considerable effect on both foreign and domestic relations (Leanne, 2009). Barack Obama’s personality shows that he is self-assured and determined; humbly superior and self-asserting; amiable, cooperative, and willing to help; fairly good-natured and sociable; and quite responsible (Bill, 2009). The combination of determined and cooperative patterns in the personality of President Obama indicates a ‘self-assured negotiator’ personality type.

Cultural studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cultural studies - Essay Example This experience is diametrically opposite to the experience of the ‘academics’. The pedestrians make use of the spaces that cannot be seen by the visionary. As opposed to the visionary, the pedestrians do not have a single map or a picture of a city, but a series of migrational metaphors which always undergoes alterations. [93]. The author seems to mean that experiencing something is more meaningful than visualizing something. The understanding of the people is managed by speculative and classificatory operations which are always liable to contradictions when they encounter the social extremes. The people who actually walk and live in the city will not agree with the concept of the decaying city. [94] Walking in the city can never be captured objectively by drawing maps because the experience of walking is very much subjective. The writer also speaks about the rhetoric of walking where the walkers unconsciously produce sentences using a series of signifiers that only experience can provide. The signifiers used by planners will be taken over by these walkers. Traveling can replace the lost legends, which once offered a series of ‘habitual spaces’. Walking is compared to a story that violates traditional notions and extends to the reality of human experience. Edward Said begins the essay by referring to a French Journalist’s comment about East as â€Å"the Orient† (P.1), which purports three independent things: First, an academic discipline; then, the â€Å"ontological and epistemological distinction† between occidental Vs. oriental; and finally, a historically defined phenomenon, where orientalism is a device of dominance (P.2). He further dwells on the Franco-British as well as American involvement in developing the concept of orientalism. Said thinks that both oriental and occidental are not real but fictitious creations, and are interdependent. He examines this interdependency in three

Management accounting and financial reporting Essay

Management accounting and financial reporting - Essay Example Value has been defined in more than one way. In the business world at least, the definition of value ranges from that of finance, to that of marketing. The difference in use according to these definitions are usually the common cause of conflicts with regard to the use of the term. In basic finance, value, or more specifically the value of an asset in economic terms is best defined as the sum of the future benefits, or cash flows to the company which is discounted to the present (Wallace 2008). This is more commonly referred to as the fundamental value (Hanney 2008). On the other hand, built on the argument of benefits that are to be received, value in marketing is usually linked to the asset price that the buyer is willing to pay (OKelly 2008). This is the perceived value. As value is linked to utility, which is linked to perception of future benefits to the receiver of a thing, these two definitions of value, although related in the most basic way, are usually confused when being used (Rossi III, 2009). Perceived value is the concept of true value being reflected in price of a traded commodity (Wallace 2008). This link between value and the price is held by the efficient market theory, where the price includes all the available information in the market and is a good predictor of value (OKelly 2008). Capital markets are considered efficient markets where investors are assumed to be sophisticated, rational individuals who maximise their wealth and utility, and thus only accept prices that reflect the true value of the commodity (Campbell, Owens-Jackson & Robinson 2008). This provides the link between the definition of fundamental value and the perceived value. Accounting regulatory boards have find it hard to define the concept of fair value. According to McCollum, â€Å"obtaining information relevant to fair value is one of the biggest challenges organisations and auditors face in the current market

Should same sex marriage remain legal in the United Kingdom Research Paper

Should same sex marriage remain legal in the United Kingdom - Research Paper Example The research will be conducted using online materials and books on Gender and Sexuality. In 2010, Wales and England were moving towards legalization of same sex marriages. Scotland was given control over its marriages but in Northern Ireland, there were no plans for such legislations. Full recognition of gays, lesbian and bisexuals same sex couples in UK began in the 1960s where same sex sexual behaviour was decriminalized. In 2005, same sex couples were able to enter into civil partnerships. Civil partnerships are indistinguishable from opposite sex marriage in terms of rights. This means that they grant the same privileges, obligations, and rights to the couples. Lee (2010, pp, 18) supported this view. According to Piercceson (2014, pp, 22-25) in 2009 public support had risen to 61%. Politicians were debating on changing the definition of marriage to allow all couples to marry. In 2011, the media reported that the government would allow gay church marriage. In 2013, there was a bill to legalise same sex marriage in England and Wales and in July 2013 the House of Lords approved the Marriage (Same sex Couples) Act. Couples of the same sex were able to register and marry and this resulted in England and Wales recognising same sex marriages. Same sex marriages should remain legal in United Kingdom to avoid violation of human rights. The United Nations of Human rights states that all rights are inherent to all human beings regardless of nationality, gender and religious views etc .Every human being has the same right to do as they please as long as it does not cause harm to another person. Same sex marriages are a matter of civil and equal rights and the decision to remain married should remain with the two individuals in the union. Most people are usually not comfortable with same sex relationships however; the dignity of such couples should be respected. Therefore, the law should remain to avoid a severe violation of

Corporate social reporting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Corporate social reporting - Essay Example In a similar manner, disclosing the information associated with the corporate social responsibility activities is an important part of the daily functioning of organizations. Importance of CSR Reports The importance of CSR reporting has emerged because of the lack of dependence on the information provided by organizations, as opposed to their actual contribution towards the society. From the academic point of view, there is an accepted theory that discusses the factors responsible for motivating companies in disclosing their CSR information. Most of the information disclosed in the CSR reports was previously considered as the activities or decisions belonging to the private domain of corporations. The theoretical evidences suggest that companies disclose information associated with CSR activities to the public, in order to satisfy their prime needs and reflect an extremely responsible image towards the society. The legitimacy helps organizations in achieving the main purpose of attai nment of sustainable profitability as an important goal of the business. The corporate sector gives huge economic profit to the environment and society. However, in spite of the advantages, there remains an increasing concern related to the wastage or abuse of resources in the society. The society offers huge benefits to the corporate sector, which is why, it has the right of seeking information associated with what the organization returns to the society. The increasing awareness concerning the natural resources is responsible for the decision of legitimacy of companies, which in turn increase the necessity of disclosing CSR information. Stakeholder’s theory According to P.A. Stanwick & S. D. Stanwick (2006), the business relationship must be occupied with a large number of managerial researches (Tilt, 1997; 2007). The stakeholder’s theory addresses to questions where stakeholders require special attention. Approaches to this kind of question are determined by the rel ationship between organizations and the stakeholders. It is done on the basis of exchange transactions, legitimacy claims, power dependencies and various other claims. The researchers have integrated the stakeholder’s theory with the help of various managerial perspectives, mainly the theories belonging to governance and agency. The stakeholders theory have been an useful frame, being both normative and instrumental, for measuring the role of NGOs in developing and adopting environmental standards. The stakeholder management offers theoretical base for proper understanding of the necessities of the stakeholders and function accordingly. Legitimacy Theory According to Brennan & Merkl-Davies (2013), Legitimacy theory can be explained in the following manner: Every organization seeks legitimacy from the public by ensuring the fact that their value system is congruent with the value of the community, within which it is performing its business operations Deegan & Rankin (1996) hav e identified four different strategies with the help of which the organizations improve their self-image, thereby gaining legitimacy. They can seek legitimacy from the public by informing them about the real changes in the behaviour, followed by bringing a change on the perception of general public, without causing any change in the actual behaviour,

Globalisation and Religion Essay Example for Free

Globalisation and Religion Essay Secularisation theory has argued that modernisation has undermined religion. The importance of science and technology on economic development and rational worldview on which they depend on are seen as destroying the belief in supernatural. However religion can contribute to development, but most recently sociologists have examined what role religion may play in development in today’s globalising world. This can be seen in India. Globalisation has brought rapid economic growth and has seen India become a more important player in the world political stage. It has brought prosperity to some, notably the Indian middle class. Nanda shows that 85% of India is Hindu and this is where globalisation has taken place. Globalisation has created a huge and prosperous, scientifically educated middle class working in IT, pharmaceuticals, etc. These are who secularisation theorists say will be the first to abandon religion. However Nanda sees a vast majority of this class continue to believe in the supernatural. A study of developing societies in 2007 shows that Indians are more religious and only 5% claim their religion has declined in the past five years. It also found that urban areas are more religious that rural areas. Nanda goes as far to say that it is becoming fashionable to be seen as religious. She examines what motivates this. Nanda rejects poverty and existential insecurity as a reason for their belief because they are not poor. She also rejects the idea that their religiosity is a defence mechanism to modernisation and westernisation. She argues that their religiosity is to do with their ambivalence to their new found wealth. This has helped to see the relationship between globalisation and religion, as Nanda points out that globalisation has increased the religiosity in India. She also examines the role of Hinduism in legitimating a triumphalist version of Indian nationalism. From a survey it found that 93% of Indians believe they have a superior culture to others. Nanda notes that the Indians’ success in the global market have attributed to Hindu values. These are constantly promoted by media and politicians. Ultra nationalism, worshiping Hindu gods and India itself has become a civil religion. In recent years the East Asia tiger economies such as Korea and Singapore are now becoming industrialised. Also China has become a major global power. Sociologists argue that this success is because of religion acting similar to Calvinism. Redding sees their post Confucian values as encouraging, similar to the protestant work ethic. Similarly Berger argues that Pentecostalism in Latin America acts as a functional equivalent to Weber’s protestant ethic. He says that they embrace the work ethic and lifestyle of Calvinists aspect of life which in result its members continue to prosper. However Berger underlines Weber’s point that religious ideas alone are not enough to produce economic development. He says that natural resources are also needed. For example while Protestantism has grown in northern Brazil, the religion lacks resources and remains backwards. By contrast, the south, which is developing rapidly, has both a work ethic derived from Pentecostalism and the necessary resources. Christianity has also become globalised. Lehmann says that it has done this by accompanying globalisations, imposed my indigenous population and in the past 100 years it has spread because of its popular following. The symbols and imagery from local cultures attributes to their success. They attack cults and perform exorcism, and accept and validate beliefs. This has contributed to the relationship between globalisation and religion as it shows that religion has helped countries to develop and using the idea of protestant ethic in Latin America gives a valid explanation as to why they have grown. A further link between globalisation and religion is explained through fundamentalism. Fundamentalism has a response to globalisation and related trends. Giddens’ describes fundamentalists as traditionalists. He sees that this is a relatively new term and sees its growth, as a production of and reaction to globalisation. He claims that it has undermined traditional norms and values. They say that religion offers certainty to a now uncertain world due to the choice which people have. A contrasting view to this however is Beckford. He criticises fundamentalists for ignoring other important developments, including how globalisations also affects non fundamentalist religions such as Catholicism. Giddens’ groups all types of fundamentalism together, ignoring any differences between them. Jeff Haynes argues that we should not focus narrowly on the idea that Islamic fundamentalism is a reaction against globalisation. For example in the Middle East, conflicts caused by the failure of local elites to deliver on their promises to improve the standard of living are often the fuel that drives fundamentalism. This evidence argues that globalisation has undermined traditional religious beliefs. Religion has also created a cultural defence whereby religion serves to unite communities against external threat. In this situation religion has a special significance for its followers because it symbolises the group or societies collective identity. There are two examples of this from the late 20th century and those are Poland and Iran. It has created war and terror such as the war in Iraq. Therefore the effect of globalisation on religion is a ‘clash of civilisations.’ Huntingtons’ view is that religious defences are creating a new set of hostile ‘us and them’ situation as there is an increase in competition against cavitations for economic and military power. An example of this is the 9/11. Although there are some critics such as Jackson who believe it is a western ideology that stereotypes nations. Also Armstrong argues hostility towards the west does not stem from fundamentalist Islam but to western foreign policy in the Middle East. This shows that’s due to globalisation is has increased religiosity but has created friction between countries. This has had a negative effect in the world. Overall globalisation has brought rapid economic growth and has seen India become a more important player on the world political stage. It has also increased Indians religiosity which is shown in Nandas’ argument which she also says this relationship is because of the optimism about the opportunities globalisations will bring and the result of the ambivalence to their new found wealth. But also like Huntington says, both religion and globalisation has created a ‘clash of civilisations’ and created both war and terror. In conclusion this relationship between globalisations in religion is good as it has helped countries such as India in the economy and has increased their religiosity. However it could also be argued that it has created friction between religions and in result has had a negative impact on the world.

Energy drinks Essay Example for Free

Energy drinks Essay Since the mid-2000s, demands in the global beverage industry shift from carbonated soft drink to alternative beverages. Because of this market grows rapidly and gives high profit margins, it make changes in beverage manufacturing and encourage new entrant to focus solely on alternative beverages. Alternative beverages segment is comprised of energy drinks, sports drink, and flavored or enhanced water. Each segment has different consumer types and different distribution channel. In developed countries, such as USA, this carbonated soft drink market has reached a mature stage but energy drink and ready-to-drink tea is still inclined. However, beverage industry is steady growth in developing countries. Alternative beverages competed on the basis of differentiation from traditional drinks such as carbonated soft drinks or fruit juices. All energy drink brands attempted to develop brand loyalty based on taste, the energy-boosting properties of their ingredients, and image. The strongest competitive force is buyer because buyer costs to switch brands are low. Consumers will be more prices sensitive and will switch to other product or even other segment. The weakness competitive force is rivalry because of many sellers in this market and diversity in commodities. The high profit margins will make alternative beverage market attract entrants that are more new, also supported by rising demand for the alternative beverage. Energy drinks pricing is 400% higher than carbonated soft drinks. In addition, to create an alternative beverage business needs medium-high capital investment. The market of global beverage industry is projected to grow from $1. 58 trillion in 2009 and forecasted to grow to nearly $1. 78 trillion in 2014 as beverage producers entered new geographic markets, developed new types of beverages, and continued to create demand for popular drinks. It is expect to result from steady growth in the purchasing power of consumers in developing countries. In addition, alternative beverages tended to carry high price points, which made them attractive to both new entrants and established beverage companies. Sport drinks and vitamin-enhanced beverages tended to carry retail prices that were 50 to 75% higher than similar-size carbonated soft drinks and bottled water, while energy drink pricing by volume might be as much as 400% higher than carbonated soft drinks. While the alternative beverage segment of the industry offered opportunities for bottlers, the poor economy had decreased demand for higher-priced beverages, with sales of sports drinks declining by 12. 3%. The Alternative beverages consumer profile varied substantially across the three types of beverages. Then energy drink consumer was a teenage boy, sports drink consumer were purchased by those who engaged in sports, fitness or other strenuous activities. Vitamin-enhanced beverages could substitute for sports drinks but were frequently purchased by adult consumers in increasing their intakes of vitamins. The best position strategic group map is reasonable price and reasonable quality. The worst position is the low price and quality. Now people think about health more than in the past, and they still worry about economic crisis. The alternative beverage chose set strategic group map with answer key we are alternative. We found that key factors, which determine the success of alternative beverage producers,have many factors. First, is Productinnovation, Product Innovation can be done by customizing product ingredient, flavor, packaging, or the benefit that product offer to consumer. Second, Focus in one segment can be the best strategy like Red Bull. Their focus in energy drink segment make them became the market leader in energy drink. Third, there are many type of channel distributor, like supermarkets, natural foods store, wholesale clubs, convenience store, and restaurant. The company’schoose is depends on the company resource. Example PepsiCo and Coca Cola were dominating convenience store and special event channel. However, for company with limited resource use third parties channel distribution will has lowest cost in transportation and labor. Fourth, use the right supplier can reduce production cost. The last one is Brand image, the right promotions that really connect with the product image will make the brand and product can penetrate the market.

Causes and Effects of Abortion

Causes and Effects of Abortion INTRODUCTION: Abortion means termination of pregnancy – it can either be spontaneous or induced. Spontaneous is known as miscarriage, while induced simply means termination of a pregnancy which is planned. Recently, the statistics have shown an increase in abortion rate year after year. Abortion can cause by social, economic or pregnant women health condition as well. However, it will lead to a number of negative effect toward pregnant women’ health, and social as too. Abortion is an activity banned in certain country, such as North Carolina and Hawaii (Nationwide abortion procedure ban update 1998). This activity can define as a termination of pregnancy; it can be either spontaneous or induced. Spontaneous is known as miscarriage, while induced simply means that termination of a pregnancy which is planned (Abortion 2001). The latest statistics have shown an increase in abortion rate year by year, it is unfavorable fact. It can cause by social, economic or pregnant women health condition as well. However, it will lead to a number of negative effects toward pregnant woman’s health and social too. Social issue can be one of the big factors which cause abortion rate increase day after day, such as crime act. We are unable to deny that the frequency of crime cases in our nation is slightly high. There is a real case which takes place in the previous month, April, which a student from Kolej Tunku Abdul Rahman (Ktar) was rape by the college’s security guard, the victim is only eighteen years old, because of this bad experience, the victim it will be confront with long term influence, which mean that she will not only affect in the aspect of physically but also physiology, and it probably need to take some time to cure towards the bad incident and unfortunate. For those pregnancies result from rape or insect, these women who are victims of the assaults often seen abortions (Abortion- Reasons for abortions 2007). Incest can be defined as sexual relations between persons who are so closely related that their marriage is illegal or forbidden by custom (Incest 2001). The probabi lity of the fetus get from incest will be deformity is slightly high because the parties may have blood-relation between themselves. Most of the women, however, decide to have an abortion because the pregnancy will represents a problem in their future and current lives as well. Besides that, there is also an evidence abounds that a high proportion of women become pregnant unintentionally, in both developed and developing countries. In the United States and in some Eastern European countries for which data are available, about on-half to three-fifths of all pregnancies are unintended, and a large proportion of these are resolved through abortion. And in many developing countries, the proportion of recent births that are unintended exceeds 40%. The level of unintended pregnancy for developing countries would be even higher if more accurate abortion information were available, since most abortions represent, by definition, unintended pregnancies (Reasons why women have induced abortion s: evidence 1998). Education level in a certain country may affect the idea of the abortion practice in the public mind. However, lower level of education possibly will encourage the people enter into a casual sexual relationship which will leads to pregnancy with no prospect of marriage. Even if the sexual relationship is more than casual, abortion is may be needed because a woman decides that the social status of the male is improper (Abortion- Reasons for abortions 2007). Sexually active teenagers are at an immediate risk of becoming pregnant or acquiring a sexually transmitted infection. Young sexually active teens are much less likely than older teens to use contraception consistently, however, the vast majority of teenage pregnancies are unintended, and close to half of those accidental pregnancies which is 45% end in an abortion. Teens may choose to have an abortion because they have concerns about how the baby would change their lives, for example completing their education, and they will worry about the financial problems, or they feel that they are not mature enough to become a parent, abortion levels can decline if the high rate of unintended pregnancies is reduced or if more pregnant teens are carrying their pregnancy to term (Teen abortions 2003). In addition, young pregnant women will be short of experience in taking care the baby, and so they also unable to foreseen the baby’s later life, because of that, they may decide to terminate the pregnancy rather than carry on the fetus. In certain country, such as China, they have carried out a policy which the government tend to control the population in their country, which is one child per family policy, this policy was applying in year 1980 (Abortion in China 2001). Introduction of this policy has contributed to the increased rapidly in the number of abortion and there are reports show that forced abortions are uncommon nowadays. In several unique circumstances, the pregnancy women can be leg alizing by obtaining the approval from the population authorities. Therefore, those women who are from urban area in China show higher possibility to attain the permission to carry more than a child (Illegal births and legal abortion – the case of China 2005). Besides, abortion is a legal practice in Brazil if it is the only means to save the woman’s life or if the pregnancy is the result of rape. Although this has been the law for over 60 years, it has almost never been applied until recent years. In the past five years, the number of hospitals providing care to women victims of sexual violence has increased from 4 to 63, of which 40 people are currently providing legal abortion (Making legal abortion accessible in Brazil 2002). Furthermore, condition of an economic in certain country will give an impact to the statistic of abortion in a nation, such as during unemployment, inflation and deflation. A simply define that inflation is where a situation that ‘too much money chasing too few goods’, and this will influenced directly toward the distribution approach in the market (Inflation 2000). On the other hand, unemployment is where a situation the worker wants to work, but is unable to work and it may have advantages as well as disadvantages for the overall economy, notably, it may help turn away from inflation, which will negatively affects almost everyone in the economy (Unemployment 2007). During a high unemployment rate, there will be recession in market, which the employee will face financial difficulty to afford an additional child and as well as the parents and the existing children. If this happen, the pregnant women will think about whether they should carry on or terminate the pregnancy . In contrast, while there is boom in the economic, and so there will be a different choice on the pregnant women. While sometimes the parents will make a decision to take on an abortion, where there is a prospect in their career and they are unwilling to sacrifice the precious opportunity. Some will think the parents are cruel and selfish, but we are not them and we will not know the situation and feeling on them. Yet, economic boom will promote international business in the country, and the people will gain benefit through it, such as advanced in technology. International businesses encourage exchange of knowledge and experience between the countries, and it will built good relation between nations. As we know, Japan always adopting and possessing the advance technology and technique among the countries; many people in our country are fancy to get trained from them. Unable to deny that, failure rate in our country have been minimized by the advancing of medical technique in our co untry’s which compare to previous stage and currently the people are become more assurance with our country’s medical system, and technique and they are willing to carry out some high risk operation, such as heart operation. Recently, our country ex-prime minister has successfully done the heart operation in Malaysia. Subsequent to this incident, some of the pregnant women will possibly more confidence, and fewer anxious toward the possibility of failure in an abortion, and so they are able to make a quicker decision when they in the choice of either terminate or carry on the pregnancy. A worst health condition of the pregnant women may not encourage to carrying on the pregnancy, because there will be a risk to the fetus and the pregnant women too. Women who use drugs often will suffer from serious health problems, sexually transmitted diseases, and mental health problems. Studies have found that at least 70 percent of women who are drug users have been sexually abused by the age of sixteen. Drugs use is a serious health problem for many reasons. Women who use drugs may at the risk of becoming infected with HIV, which it is a virus that causes AIDS. These viruses can be spread through needless used to inject drugs. As a result, women who inject drugs and share needles are especially at the risk. A mother who uses drugs may possibly threat her life and her baby’s. When a pregnant woman uses drugs, she and her unborn child may face serious health problems. For instance, during pregnancy, the drugs used by the mother can enter the baby’s bloodstream. The effect on the baby can be HIV infection, AIDS, prematurely, low birth weight, small head size, poor motor skills and behavior problems. The mother who is continuing drug use will puts her children at risk for neglect, physical abuse and malnutrition (Pregnancy and drug use 2001). In addition, drug abuse may also cause underweight babies, birth defects or withdrawal symptoms after birth. For those pregnant women who are infected with serious harms of health, and they will be advice by doctor which come to an end of the pregnancy rather than bring on, because the virus possibly will transmit to the baby during pregnancy, labor and delivery, and through breastfeeding. If the pregnant women no take any preventive drugs and breastfeeds then the chance of her baby becoming infected by the virus is around 20-45% (HIV AIDS Pregnancy 2007). Although pregnancy is often portrayed as a time of great joy, that is not reality for all women. At least one in ten pregnant women will be suffers with depression. For years, experts mistakenly believed that pregnancy hormones protected against depression, leaving women more in danger to the illness only after the baby was born and their hormone levels plunged. They now believe that the brain chemistry will be interrupt in the rapid increase in hormone levels at the start of pregnancy and lead to depression. Hormonal changes will make the pregnant women feel more anxious than usual. Anxiety is another condition where that can and should be treated during pregnancy (Depression during pregnancy 2005). In these days, there are many young women in high school or college find out themselves pregnant and they are confront with emotional difficulties, which is due to that they are unprepared to enter parenthood and raise a child, or they are too young to do so and not have a reliable partner with who to raise a child. Besides that, they are required to choose either continuing education which can survive economically in their later life or dropping out to have the baby. Young couples who are just starting their lives together and want children might prefer become financially secure first to provide better care for their future children. In addition, the health of the baby will be affected if the pregnant women are dealing with mentally difficulties, such as anxiety and stress. In contrast, condition of a fetus during the pregnancy period will not only due to mental illness of the pregnant women, the lifestyle of the pregnant women will give a big impact toward the baby’s strength. For those pregnant women who take in alcohol regularly, smoking and any others bad habit will all provide a serious impact to the baby, which the possibility of carry an abnormal baby is extremely high. While the pregnant women smoking during pregnancy period will passes nicotine and cancer-causing drugs to the baby and smoke will also keeps the baby from getting nourishment and raises the risk of stillbirth or premature birth. On the other hand secondhand smoke exposure will cause disease and premature death in children and adult who do not smoke. For those children who are exposed to secondhand smoke are at increased in the risk for sudden infant death syndrome, ear problems, and more severe asthma (Health harms from secondhand smoke 2007). Alcohol can cause life long physical and behavioral problems in the children, including Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), which mean it will cause the baby mental retardation, abnormal facial features, growth problems, vision or hearing problems, all this causes will be lasts for a life time, and there is no cure for this. So, if the pregnant women are doing so, the health care provider can recommend programs, such as abortion, to help you quit and so the pregnant women and the baby will be better off (Pregnancy and substance abuse 2007). In contrast, relationship with husband or partner and family members will affect the pregnant women judgment. Nearly all of the teenage pr egnancy, will not support by their family members, because they believe that though of the teenage pregnancy are still immature and they are unable to educate their child in the right way, due to this the family members will suggested them to terminate the pregnancy. Because of opposition of the young pregnancy will feel homeless and though of terminate the baby’s life even suicide. In addition, if the relationship with partner or husband had broken up before or since pregnancy discovered it will as a result of why women have abortions (Reasons why women have abortions 2002). If there is a problem in the relationship between pregnant women and the husband or partner and will lead to the pregnant women decides to abort the child because she does not want to be a single parent (Abortion: Pros and cons 1999). On the other hand, if in a family which the husband is contributing the main financial support, and once they have broke up or divorce, the pregnant women may think to abor tion instead of carrying on which due to the pregnancy women will not be able to work for a certain period and so she will have no sufficient financial support during and after pregnancy time. Moreover, abortion may also cause by the husband or partner or the pregnant women are in jail or prison because violation of discipline, which this incident is force to terminate the baby and not abort with willingness. In the opinion of Pro-life people, they believed ‘psychological harm’ is one of the effects of abortion. They argue that women will get horrible nightmares of their children after they have abortion, and they will regret and feel guilty about their decision. They physical effects from the abortion usually appear in the future, such as tubal pregnancy and sterility. People from the pro-life group have evidence that abortion can breast cancer and the worst physical effect is death, it’s recoded that 200 women have died from legal abortion since 1973 (Abortion: Pros and cons 1999). For those women who decide to take on an abortion, they must be willing to bear the effects after the abortion neither it is physiology nor psychological. The worst physical effect is death, in record, there are 200 women have died from legal abortion since 1973 (Abortion: Pros and cons 1999). In addition, approximately 60 percent of women who experience of abortion follow-up a report with suicidal ideation, with 28 percent actually attempting suicide, of which half attempted suicide two or more times. Researchers in Finland have identifies a strong statistical association between abortion and suicide in a records based study. They identified 73 suicides associated within one year to a pregnancy ending either naturally or by induced abortion. The mean annual suicide rate for all women was 11.3 per 100,000. The suicide rate associated with birth was significantly lower at 5.9 per 100,000 (Abortion hurts women psychologically and emotionally 1999). There is another case where too much blood run off during abortion may lead to both mother and the baby or either one death. There is a risk in performing abortion, and if the pregnant women decide to take the risk, and so she must keen to tolerate the implication which due to abortion. According to Cr. M. C. Pike, at University of Southern California in 1981, he has demonstrated a direct association of induced abortion with breast cancer. He studies 163 women who developed breast cancer before age 33, and compared them with 272 controls. He showed that if a woman had aborted her first pregnancy, her change of developing breast cancer was increased by a factor of 2.4 times (Breast cancer 2006). While there is another view with risk of abortion, which in February 2003, the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) held a workshop of more than 100 of the world’s leading experts who study pregnancy and breast cancer risk. The experts’ assessment existing human and animal studies on the relationship between pregnanc y and breast cancer risk, including studies of induced and spontaneous abortions. Among their conclusion, breast cancer risk will increased after a term pregnancy, which is a pregnancy that results in the birth of living child or abort it (Can having an abortion cause or contribute to breast cancer 2007). In another word, breast cancer may due to hormonal changes during pregnancy; furthermore, change in hormone will cause the handicapped of the newborn in later pregnancies. Post abortion syndrome (PAS) is a term that has been used to describe the emotional and psychological cost of abortion, in order to cope with the emotional pain that accompanies abortion; woman may develop a set of resistance mechanisms to defend their decision. They may include rationalization, repression, and compensation. Moreover, there may have several symptoms of PAS, where some will occur immediately after an abortion and other may take months or even years to surface. One of it is strong feeling of guilty , which is a normal reaction that usually surface after the woman recognize that abortion is wrong and that she is responsible for committing her own abortion (Physical and psychological complications of abortion 2002). For those who are feeling extremely guilty, they will repeat and persistently dreams or even nightmare which is about the child. In addition, where a new research from New Zealand has confirmed that abortion substantially increases the risk for mental health problems, such as anxiety and depression in young women. According to David Fergussen, psychology professor, had found a relative rate of mental health-related concerns, such as a tendency to suicide, and drug and alcohol abuse were all significantly increased in women with a past history of abortion (New research supports abortion-mental health risk claims 2007). Â  A social will straightforwardly influence ones behavior, and there are some people who are arguing that abortion is morally wrong on the basis that a fetus is an innocent human being, however, there are still a group of people who are not agree with that (Abortion debate 2007). If a society allows the people to carry out abortion legally, the peace in a nation will be affected, because the people will now become more cruel and unethical, which they will never feel any guilty after the doing any crime act, such as abortion, and so the society will be terror. On the other hand, the performing of crime will increase unconsciously due to the immorality of the human. Besides that, in the developing country, there may possibly arise an incident where the citizens are lack of information about the sexually intercourse, thus the people there are unaware regarding the cause and effect of abortion and casual sexual practice. Because of the ignorant, will confidence the public to carry out casual sexual relationship among the teenagers. Moreover, this will boost up in the of infection venereal disease due to violence in sexual activity, such as AIDS, which are common in these days (Nine reasons why abortions should be illegal 2001). In summary, issues arise in social, economic and health condition of pregnant women will cause an abortion activity taking place. Besides, the will be some specific impact which due to the abortion. Crime rate in a nation is slightly related to the abortion, because pregnancy result from rape will be an unwanted child, and the pregnant women will decide to abort it. Additionally, knowledgeable in a certain nation will affect the idea of abortion in the public, and rule and regulations of a country will give an impact to the people as well. However, tendency of economic will illustrate in the rate of the abortion rate, for example, during high unemployment rate, the abortion rate will go high as well, and it may due to the financial problem which will confront by the family later. Next, technology advancing in a country, will encourage the people to take on an abortion, because the risk of failure can be minimize, and so their concern. In fact, lifestyle and health condition of pregna nt women are linked, for instance, those women who are drug abuse will present an impact toward the fetus, which is a life long impact. Abortion may take place where there is a matter arise either with husband or family member and it will influence the sensation of the pregnant women. Nonetheless, abortion could come along with the implication either mentally or physiology or both affection, such as feeling guilty and depression. Besides that, they will also be infected with breast cancer, or even death during or after the abortion. Subsequently, social will also be affected if the abortion carries out legally in a certain homeland. As a conclusion, abortion will surely lead to a bad tendency in society, so government should play their role, which control the abortion activities, ensure that, there is a good reason for abortion, and not the reason of feeling curious toward sexual intercourse. Also, pregnant women should aware about the cause and effect of abortion and ensure that yo u and your partner are free from venereal disease, which mean that carry out the sex in a safe condition. R E F E R E N C E Abortion 2001. Retrieved: October 31, 2007, from http://www.answers.com/abortion Abortion debate 2007. Retrieved: 2 November, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Abortion_debate#Ethical_debate Abortion hurts women psychologically and emotionally 1999. Retrieved: 31 October, 2007, from http://www.optionline.org/Fact%20Sheet%20on%20abortion emotional%20risks.pdf Abortion in China 2001. Retrieved: October 28, 2007, from http://www.abortiontv. com/Misc/ChinaAbortions.htm Abortion: Pros and cons 1999. Retrieved: 1 November, 2007, from http://www.lclark. edu/~krauss/advwrf99/causeeffect/felixcause.html Abortion- Reasons for abortions 2007. Retrieved: October 30, 2007, from http://family. jrank.org/pages/2/Abortion-Reasons-Abortions.html Breast cancer 2006. Retrieved: 1 November, 2007, from http://www.abortionfacts. com/online_books/love_them_both/why_cant_we_love_them_both_23.asp Can having an abortion cause or contribute to breast cancer 2007. Retrieved: 31 October, 2007, from http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_6x_Can_Having_ an_ Abortion_Cause_or_Contribute_to_Breast_Cancer.asp Depression during pregnancy 2005. Retrieved: 31 October, 2007, from http://www.baby center.com/0_depression-during-pregnancy_9179.bc#articlesection0 Health harms from secondhand smoke 2007. Retrieved: 1 November, 2007, from http://tobaccofreekids.org/research/factsheets/pdf/0103.pdf HIV AIDS Pregnancy 2007. Retrieved: 1 November, 2007, from http://www.avert. org/pregnancy.htm Illegal births and legal abortion – the case of China 2005. Retrieved: October 28, 2007, from http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1215519 Incest 2001. Retrieved: November 1, 2007, from http://www.answers.com/incest Inflation 2000. Retrieved: October 31, 2007, from http://www2.resbank.co.za/internet/ Glossary.nsf/b551f2529ff409b742256b41004c6a7e/b6de54fdff3ee35442256b430 02f6fc7?OpenDocument Making legal abortion accessible in Brazil 2002. Retrieved: October 29, 2007, from http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-94126274.html New research supports abortion-mental health risk claims 2007. Retrieved: 2 November, 2007, from http://www.lifesite.net/ldn/2006/jan/06010507.html Nine reasons why abortions should be illegal 2001. Retrieved: 31, October, 2007, from http://www.mrdata.net/books/9reasons.htm Nationwide abortion procedure ban update 1998. Retrieved: October 31, 2007, from http://www.now.org/issues/abortion/wisctalk.html#nationwide Physical and psychological complications of abortion 2002. Retrieved: 31 October, 2007, from http://www.leaderu.com/orgs/tul/pap1.html Pregnancy and drug use 2001. Retrieved: October 29, 2007, from http://www.pregnancy. org/article.php?sid=1201 Pregnancy and substance abuse 2007. Retrieved: 1 October, 2007, from http://www.nlm. nih.gov/medlineplus/pregnancyandsubstanceabuse.html Reasons why women have abortions 2002. Retrieved: 2 November, 2007, from http://www.postabortionpaths.org.nz/ReasRisk.asp Reasons why women have induced abortions: evidence 1998. Retrieved: October 29, 2007, from http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/2411798.html Teen abortions 2003. Retrieved: October 29, 2007, from http://www.childtrendsdata bank.org/indicators/27TeenAbortions.cfm Unemployment 2007. Retrieved: October 25, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Unemployment

The Warm and Cold Blooded Nature of Dinosaurs :: Anthropology Essays Paleontology Papers

The Warm and Cold Blooded Nature of Dinosaurs The debate of whether dinosaurs were cold blooded or warm blooded has been ongoing since the beginning of the century. At the turn of the century scientists believed that dinosaurs had long limbs and were fairly slim, supporting the idea of a cold blooded reptile. Recently, however, the bone structure, number or predators to prey, and limb position have suggested a warm blooded species. In addition, the recent discovery of a fossilized dinosaur heart has supported the idea that dinosaurs were a warm blooded species. In this essay, I am going to give supporting evidence of dinosaurs being both warm and cold blooded. I will provide background information on the dinosaur that was discovered and what information it provides scientists. Until recently, scientists believed the chances of finding a fossilized dinosaur heart were extremely slim. The heart belonged to a 66 million year old dinosaur found in Harding County in Northwestern South Dakota. The dinosaur, found in 1993, weighed over 650 pounds and was 13 feet long. The dinosaur was in fairly good condition with the exception of the left side of the skeleton. The small, plant-eating Thescelosaurus, nicknamed ‘Willo’ has been acquired by the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences. Thescelosaurus was an ornithischian, or "bird-hipped," dinosaur that lived in the latter stage of the Cretaceous period. This was approximately 1 million years before the end of the dinosaur era. Native to North America, its range extended from the northern United States up into Canada. Since using the 3-D software to reveal Willo's heart, scientists have also used it to create 3-D images of the fossil's skull, and of remains from other dinosaurs in the museum's collection. (Fisher, Paul) A group of scientists from North Carolina and Oregon used medical technology to search an iron-stained concretion inside the specimen’s chest. With the assistance of imaging equipment and software, they were able to reconstruct 3-dimensional structures through the interior of the concretion. The images reveal a heart that was more like that of a bird or a mammal than those of reptiles, significantly adding to evidence suggesting that at least some dinosaurs had high metabolic rates. In addition, the heart appears to have been four chambered with a single aorta, which is most commonly found in mammals or birds.

Mastery by Robert Greene: The Steps to Mastery Essay -- creative task,

I am pursuing a Masters degree in Instructional Design and Technology. With this degree, I hope to gain the skills to help revolutionize education with the use of technology. In 1907 Maria Montessori, embarked on such a journey (American Montessori Society, 2013). She was invited to open a center for children living in the poor, inner-city of Rome (American Montessori Society, 2013). While working there, Maria began using approaches to educate the children that would find great success and become world-renown. Because Maria Montessori revolutionized education in a way that I hope to do, I chose her as the focus of my hero in Mastery research paper. In chapter five of his book, Mastery, Robert Greene (2012) outlines the way to find mastery. The first step to mastery is The Creative Path (Greene, 2012 p. 179). Greene states that becoming a master will not occur if you are easily swayed by setbacks or desire a life full of ease and comfort (Green, 2012 p. 179). When pursuing a creative endeavor one must pursue it with their whole being. Maria Montessori was able to achieve mastery despite the obstacles she faced. Montessori grew up in Italy and from an early age showed an interest in reading and academics, which differed from most females of her time (Adams, 1969, p. 49). Maria attended the University of Rome, much to the disdain of her father and the university, and in 1896 she became the first woman in Italy to graduate with a Doctor of Medicine degree. (Adams, 1969, p. 49; Solan, H. A. (2007) p. 61). Like a true master, Montessori did not stop pursuing knowledge in her field. Shortly after graduation she was introduced to a na rrower field of medicine and in 1897 returned to the University of Rome to study pedagogy and education... ...hrough: their development of The Current – his through his experiments with amputee patients and hers through her experiments educating children with disabilities; their study of anomalies – his study of phantom limb syndrome and her study of the education process for the mentally and physically disabled; and they both searched for the great yield – him through evidence of his simple experiments and her through evidence from the Casa dei Bambini. Works Cited Adams, Anne H. (1969, September). Maria montessori: a vignette. Education. p. 49. American Montessori Society. (2013) Maria montessori (biography of). Retrieved from http://amshq.org/Montessori-Education/History-of-Montessori-Education/Biography-of-Maria-Montessori Greene, R. (2012). Mastery. New York: Viking. Solan, H. A. (2007). Maria montessori: a biography. Optometry & Vision Development, 38(2), 61.

Elderly Health Care in Massachusetts is a Struggle :: Health Care Medicine Insurance Essays

Elderly Health Care in Massachusetts is a Struggle Despina and her husband Peter Angelopoulos are not eligible to receive any financial help from the state because they don’t qualify for free health care, and they are extremely worried about their future. The couple, in their early 70’s, both have a series of medical problems resulting in them taking heavy medication. They own a house in Somerville and they are struggling to pay for their medications. They average about eight pills a day each. Despina said that because they own a house they are forced to pay for doctor’s visits covered by their social security plan A. Plan B allows them hospital coverage. The problem is if they have to go to the emergency room, they have a high co-pay. â€Å" Medical care should not be subject to laws of economics,† said Mr. Angelopoulos. An item of necessity should not be treated in economic terms, and especially should not have a money price placed upon it.† Health care is a scarce good. From the individuals who perform acts of medical care to the medicines and various medical devices used to deal with health issues. The Angelopoulos' social security is at the minimum of $630 each and with the taxes going up in Somerville, they have a hard time maintaining their old home so they can generate rent income from it. They have to rent both apartments on the second and third floor at all times to be able to have a steady income. â€Å"What will happen to us if we become disabled and need more care?† Mrs. Angelopoulos asked. â€Å"Do we have to sell our house to be able to afford better care when we need it the most?† The present system seems to help retirees with no income other than their social security. If you own your home, that is a problem. Medicare is an essential health care program for people age 65 and older, people with certain disabilities, and people with End-State Renal Disease. . Medicaid became law in 1965 and it is jointly funded by the federal and state governments to assist states in providing medical long-term care assistance to people who meet certain eligibility criteria. Medicaid is the largest source of funding for medical and health-related services for people with limited income. Recently, President Bush and Congress worked together to pass a new law to bring people with Medicare more choices in health care coverage and better health care benefits.